Forescout detailed the discovery of 21 new vulnerabilities in OT/IoT routers and open-source software elements.
The “SIERRA:21 – Living on the Edge” report features research into Sierra Wireless AirLink cellular routers and some open-source components, such as TinyXML and OpenNDS.
Sierra Wireless routers are popular — an open database of Wi-Fi networks shows 245,000 networks worldwide running Sierra Wireless for various applications. For example, Sierra Wireless routers are used for police vehicles connecting to a central network management system or to stream surveillance video in manufacturing plants for industrial asset monitoring, in healthcare facilities providing temporary connectivity, and to manage electric vehicle charging stations.
he 21 new vulnerabilities can potentially stop vital communications from impacting everyday life.
Research findings
The attack surface is expansive, with 86,000 vulnerable routers still exposed online. Less than 10% of these routers are confirmed to be patched against known previous vulnerabilities found since 2019.
Regions with the highest number of exposed devices include:
- 68,605 devices in The United States
- 5,580 devices in Canada
- 3,853 devices in Australia
- 2,329 devices in France
- 1,001 devices in Thailand
Among the 21 vulnerabilities, one has critical severity (CVSS score 9.6), nine have high severity, and 11 have medium severity. These vulnerabilities allow attackers to steal credentials, take control of a router by injecting malicious code, persist on the device, and use it as an initial access point into critical networks.
Patching can’t fix everything. 90 percent of devices exposing a specific management interface have reached the end of life, meaning they cannot be further patched.
It’s an uphill battle to secure supply chain components. Open-source software elements continue to go unchecked and increase the attack surface of critical devices, leading to vulnerabilities that may be hard for organizations to track and mitigate.
“We are raising the alarm today because there remain thousands of OT/IoT devices representing an increased attack surface that requires attention,” advises Elisa Constante, VP of Research, Forescout Research – Vedere Labs. “Vulnerabilities impacting critical infrastructure are like an open window for bad actors in every community. State-sponsored actors are developing custom malware to use routers for persistence and espionage. Cybercriminals are also leveraging routers and related infrastructure for residential proxies and to recruit into botnets. Our discoveries reaffirm the need for heightened awareness of the OT/IoT edge devices that are so often neglected.”
Sierra Wireless and OpenDNS have issued patches for the identified vulnerabilities. TinyXML is an abandoned open-source project, so the upstream vulnerabilities will not be fixed and must be addressed downstream.