The Cactus ransomware gang has been exploiting vulnerable Qlik sense servers ever since November 2023 using multiple vulnerabilities such as CVE-2023-41266 (Path Traversal), CVE-2023-41265 (HTTP request Tunneling) and CVE-2023-48365 (Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution).
Though Qlik has addressed these vulnerabilities with multiple security advisories, thousands of servers remain vulnerable to exploitation.
QlikSense is a data visualization and business intelligence tool that can help businesses perform data analysis and other operations.
Technical Analysis
Statistical Threat Reports
According to reports from Cyber Security News, threat actors were targeting these QlikSense servers with software vulnerabilities and misleading victims with cooked-up stories.
Is Your Network Under Attack? - Read CISO’s Guide to Avoiding the Next Breach - Download Free Guide
Nevertheless, the reports from Shadowserver indicate that there are 5,200+ internet-exposed Qlik servers, among which 3,100+ are vulnerable to exploitation by the Cactus group.
241 systems were discovered in the Netherlands alone, and the threat actors have already compromised 6 of them.
Identifying the list of servers and compromised servers involved multiple research steps.
Identifying The Vulnerable Qlik Sense Servers
An existing Nuclei template is available, which can be used to identify vulnerable QlikSense servers exposed on the Internet.
However, the researchers used the “product-info.json” file to find vulnerable servers.
This file includes several details about the server, such as the release label and version numbers, which could reveal the exact version of the QlikSense server running.
.webp "Cactus Ransomware Exploiting Qlik Servers Vulnerability 1")
Further, the release label parameter includes information such as “February 2022 Patch 3” that states that the last update was provided to the Qlik sense server and the relevant advisory.
To retrieve this information from the product-info.json file, the below cURL command can be used.
curl -H "Host: localhost" -vk 'https:///resources/autogenerated/product-info.json?.ttf'
The .ttf (True Type Font file) is used in the command to point the request to a .ttf file. Font files can be accessed unauthenticated on Qlik sense servers, and the “Host:localhost” is used to bypass the HTTP response to 400 bad requests.
In a patched server, the server will return “302 Authenticate at this location” in the response, whereas a vulnerable server will reveal the information of the file with a 200 OK response.
Furthermore, a 302 response or a release label parameter from the Qlik server with content containing “November 2023” is considered a non-vulnerable server.
Integrate ANY.RUN in Your Company for Effective Malware Analysis
Are you from SOC, Threat Research, or DFIR departments? If so, you can join an online community of 400,000 independent security researchers:
- Real-time Detection
- Interactive Malware Analysis
- Easy to Learn by New Security Team members
- Get detailed reports with maximum data
- Set Up Virtual Machine in Linux & all Windows OS Versions
- Interact with Malware Safely
If you want to test all these features now with completely free access to the sandbox:
How To Find Compromised Qlik Sense Servers
As Arctic Wolf explains, the Cactus ransomware group redirects the commands’ output to a TTF file named qle.ttf.
The threat group also used the qle.woff file in some instances. Moreover, these exploit files can be accessed without authentication.
.webp "Cactus Ransomware Exploiting Qlik Servers Vulnerability 2")
When checking for these particular kinds of files, it was revealed that there are around 122 servers, of which the United States has the highest number, 49, followed by 13 servers in Spain, 11 servers in Italy, 8 servers in the UK, 7 servers in Germany and Ireland, and 6 servers in the Netherlands.
.webp "Cactus Ransomware Exploiting Qlik Servers Vulnerability 3")
It is recommended that organizations and users of QlikSense servers upgrade to the latest versions per the security advisories to prevent threat actors from exploiting these vulnerabilities.
Combat Email Threats with Easy-to-Launch Phishing Simulations: Email Security Awareness Training -> Try Free Demo