The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) warned of active exploitation of a critical privilege escalation vulnerability in Microsoft Windows.
Known as CVE-2021-43226, this flaw resides in the Common Log File System (CLFS) driver. Attackers who gain local access can bypass security controls and elevate their privileges, potentially leading to full system compromise.
Background of the Vulnerability
The CLFS driver is a core component of Windows, responsible for managing log files that track system and application events.
CVE-2021-43226 was first disclosed by Microsoft in late 2021, but recent intelligence indicates that threat actors have begun leveraging the flaw in ransomware campaigns.
| Product | CVE | Description |
| Windows | CVE-2021-43226 | Microsoft Windows Common Log File System Driver contains a privilege escalation vulnerability enabling bypass of controls |
While it remains unclear which specific groups are exploiting the vulnerability, the sudden uptick in related incidents prompted CISA to add this issue to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on October 6, 2025.
Local privilege escalation vulnerabilities pose a serious risk because they allow attackers to gain higher levels of access than originally permitted.
In targeted attacks, adversaries often chain such flaws with remote code execution vulnerabilities.
By first executing code through an exposed service or phishing attack, they then use CVE-2021-43226 to move laterally within a network and access sensitive data.
Any organization running affected versions of Microsoft Windows is at risk if local attackers can access a system.
Workstations and servers that host sensitive data, critical applications, or cloud management tools are prime targets.
The vulnerability does not require user interaction beyond the attacker executing code with basic privileges.
As a result, security teams must act swiftly to prevent unauthorized privilege escalations that could lead to data theft, encryption for ransom, or sabotage of critical workflows.
Small and mid-sized organizations may face particular challenges, as they often lack dedicated incident response teams or extensive patch management processes.
Without timely mitigation, even a single compromised workstation could allow an attacker to gain domain administrator access, giving them control over an entire network.
CISA recommends that all affected users apply mitigations provided by Microsoft without delay. These include installing the latest security updates and ensuring that endpoint protection tools detect and block known exploitation attempts.
Organizations using cloud services should follow the guidance in Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01, which mandates coordinated vulnerability disclosures and patch management for federal agencies and contractors.
Where immediate updates are not feasible, system owners should consider temporary workarounds such as restricting access to the CLFS driver or isolating high-risk systems.
Discontinuing use of unsupported or unmanaged Windows installations will reduce exposure. Security teams should also review logs for unusual CLFS driver activity and configure alerts for events that may indicate exploitation attempts.
By addressing CVE-2021-43226 through prompt patching, monitoring, and guidance compliance, organizations can mitigate the risk of privilege escalations and protect critical assets from ransomware and other cyber threats.
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