Microsoft released security updates on January 13, 2026, addressing a critical elevation of privilege vulnerability in SQL Server that enables authorized attackers to bypass authentication controls and gain elevated system privileges remotely.
Tracked as CVE-2026-20803, the vulnerability stems from missing authentication mechanisms for critical functions within the database engine.
The flaw affects multiple SQL Server versions, including SQL Server 2022 and the recently released SQL Server 2025. With a CVSS score of 7.2, Microsoft classified the vulnerability as “Important” severity.
The attack requires high privileges and network access, but once exploited, it grants attackers high-impact capabilities, including memory dumping and debugging access, potentially opening gateways for further system compromise.
| CVE ID | Severity | CVSS Score | Attack Vector |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVE-2026-20803 | Important | 7.2 | Network |
Vulnerability Details and Impact
CVE-2026-20803 exploits CWE-306, a weakness involving missing authentication for critical functions.
The vulnerability allows authenticated users with elevated permissions to escalate their access beyond intended boundaries without user interaction.
An attacker successfully exploiting this flaw could gain debugging privileges, dump sensitive memory contents, and potentially access encrypted data or extract database credentials stored in memory.
The vulnerability received a “Less Likely” exploitability assessment at publication, indicating it requires specific preconditions and is unlikely to be widely exploited in the immediate term.
However, Microsoft has not disclosed reports of active exploitation or public disclosure attempts.
Microsoft provided security updates across affected SQL Server versions through General Distribution Release (GDR) and Cumulative Update (CU) pathways.
Organizations running SQL Server 2022 should apply either CU22 (build 16.0.4230.2) or RTM GDR (build 16.0.1165.1) updates. SQL Server 2025 users must install the January GDR update (build 17.0.1050.2).
Organizations should prioritize patching systems in internet-facing environments or those handling sensitive data.
Microsoft recommends reviewing deployment architectures and restricting administrative access to minimize exploitation risk during update windows.
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