Researchers have unveiled a new approach to powering quantum computers using quantum batteries, a development that could significantly improve the performance, efficiency and scalability of future quantum systems.
In a study published in Physical Review X, scientists from Australia’s national science agency CSIRO, the University of Queensland and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology have theoretically demonstrated how integrating quantum batteries directly into a quantum computer could overcome some of the biggest barriers facing the technology.
Quantum computers rely on fragile quantum states to perform calculations far beyond the reach of classical machines, but maintaining those states typically requires room-sized, energy-intensive cryogenic cooling systems, supported by complex room-temperature electronics. These infrastructure and energy demands currently limit the size, processing power and commercial viability of quantum computers.
The researchers’ modelling shows that embedding tiny quantum batteries within a quantum computer could increase the number of qubits by up to four times, while reducing overall energy consumption. Unlike conventional power systems, quantum batteries are able to recycle energy internally, lowering heat generation and easing cooling requirements.
CSIRO quantum batteries research lead and study co-author Dr James Quach said the approach effectively gives a quantum computer its own internal energy source. He said the batteries can recharge while the computer is operating, reducing the need for constant energy input from external systems.
Quantum batteries store energy using light and can recharge simply through exposure. When integrated into a quantum computer, they become entangled with the quantum processing units, forming a shared quantum system that allows energy to be reused rather than dissipated as heat.
According to the researchers, quantum-battery-powered architectures would require fewer wiring components, generate significantly less heat and allow more qubits to be packed into the same physical space, all of which are critical steps toward building practical, scalable quantum computers.
The modelling also suggests the approach could improve computational speed through a phenomenon known as quantum superextensivity, in which performance increases as more qubits are added.
While quantum batteries are still an emerging technology, the researchers say the work represents a key step in the growing field of quantum energy. The next phase of the research will focus on developing a real-world demonstration of the concept.
Dr Quach said the findings open new possibilities for addressing the energy, cooling and infrastructure challenges that currently constrain quantum computing, bringing the technology closer to practical and widespread use.