Microsoft has addressed two significant elevation of privilege vulnerabilities affecting its Windows BitLocker encryption feature.
The flaws, tracked as CVE-2025-54911 and CVE-2025-54912, were disclosed on September 9, 2025, and carry an “Important” severity rating.
Both vulnerabilities could allow an authorized attacker to gain full SYSTEM privileges on a compromised machine, bypassing the security layers that BitLocker is designed to enforce.
Microsoft has noted that exploitation is considered “less likely,” and as of the disclosure, the vulnerabilities have not been publicly detailed or seen exploited in the wild.
BitLocker Escalation of Privilege Vulnerability
Both CVE-2025-54911 and CVE-2025-54912 are classified as “Use-After-Free” vulnerabilities, a common and dangerous type of memory corruption bug.
This weakness, cataloged under CWE-416, occurs when a program continues to use a pointer to a memory location after that memory has been freed or deallocated.
When an attacker can influence the data written to this deallocated space, they can often manipulate the program’s execution flow.
In this scenario, a malicious actor could leverage this control to execute arbitrary code, leading to a complete system takeover.
The presence of two distinct “Use-After-Free” bugs in a critical security component like BitLocker highlights the ongoing challenges in maintaining memory safety in complex software.
Successful exploitation of either vulnerability results in a full privilege escalation. An attacker who leverages these flaws could gain SYSTEM-level access, the highest level of privilege on a Windows system.
This would grant them the ability to install programs, view, change, or delete data, and create new accounts with full user rights.
According to the CVSS metrics provided by Microsoft, an attack requires an adversary to have low-level privileges on the target system already.
Furthermore, some form of user interaction is necessary for the exploit to succeed, meaning an attacker would need to trick an authorized user into performing a specific action.
This prerequisite makes remote, automated attacks more difficult but does not diminish the risk in scenarios where an attacker has already gained an initial foothold.
Mitigations
In response to the discovery, Microsoft has fixed the vulnerabilities in the September 2025 Patch Tuesday update. The company has urged users and administrators to apply the latest updates promptly to protect their systems from potential attacks.
While the exploitability is currently assessed as less likely, the severity of the potential impact necessitates immediate action.
The discovery of CVE-2025-54912 was credited to Hussein Alrubaye, working with Microsoft, indicating a collaborative effort between the company and external security researchers to identify and resolve critical security issues.
Users are advised to check for updates through the standard Windows Update service to ensure their systems are no longer susceptible to these privilege escalation flaws.
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