Poisoning WebDAV+URL+LNK to Deliver Malicious Payloads

WebDAV incidents simulate an offensive attack employing a WebDAV server to distribute malware to a client PC. Attackers store malicious payloads and attract users into downloading and executing them.

It then analyzes a real-world scenario involving AsyncRat/Purelogs malware to understand defense mechanisms using ANY.RUN interactive malware sandbox and discusses methods to detect such attacks, including the creation of detection rules. 

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To simulate a client-side WebDAV exploit, they set up a Kali Linux attacker machine and a Windows target machine, then create an LNK shortcut that launches the calculator, upload it to a WebDAV server, and use a URL file as a proxy to initiate a download and execution on the target machine. 

The attack involves establishing network connectivity, creating malicious files, starting a WebDAV server, and executing the URL file on the target, successfully launching the calculator while logging a connection on the server.

An attacker uses a phishing email to deliver a malicious URL file, which links to a malicious LNK file hosted on a WebDAV server. When the user launches the URL file, the LNK downloads a malicious BAT file and executes it. 

The YARA rule identified the URL file, the YARA hunting rule detected the LNK file on disk, and the SIGMA rule recognized the specific command line used during execution. 

The Suricata rule identified the network connection to the WebDAV server and by combining these detection methods, ANY.RUN effectively defends against WebDAV exploitation attacks.  

Blocking URL execution 

Defenders can block URL file execution attacks by blocking these files from running within Windows settings. Threat intelligence and analysis of detected artifacts aid in identifying the attack vector. 

Regular expressions on the command line or URL filters can be used to search for malicious patterns, while Suricata, a network security monitoring tool, can be employed to detect triggered rules that might indicate such attacks.

By implementing these methods, defenders can proactively prevent URL file execution attempts. 

Researchers investigated client-side exploits that use WebDAV servers and LNK files to send malware. They made rules that looked for malicious URL/LNK files, strange activity on the command line, and connections to WebDAV servers.

Disabling LNK/URL execution in Windows settings can also be a preventative measure, which likely uses a threat analysis sandbox like ANY.RUN allows security professionals to analyze malware samples in a controlled environment. 

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